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How corruption and impunity are aiding terrorism in Kenya

Dusit

By KEN OPALA
More by this Author
As the country struggles with jihadists, two concerns may complicate the counter-terror war and thus force authorities to revisit their strategy: One, the African Union Mission in Somalia (Amisom) is pulling out of Somalia in 2021, and two; the new terrorist is no longer the foreigner but Kenyan.
The planned military drawdown has left experts confused on what next for Somalia and the anti-terrorism war worldwide. For over 10 years, Amisom was a bulwark against terror, but the mission is now exiting without clear plans on how to secure Somalia thereafter. This development is likely to have a huge bearing on regional security. Seemingly, Kenya is yet to remodel its strategy in light of the expected military withdrawal.
HAPHAZARD
Kenya is a powerhouse — politically, militarily and economically — in this part of the world. And on paper, it is governed by one of the world’s best counter-terror strategies. So, why is Kenya a sitting target for extremists?
On April 6, 2015, South Africa’s Daily Maverick posed: “Why does Kenya’s counter-terrorism strategy keep failing?”
From the outset, it is instructive to disabuse Kenyans of claims that the country is vulnerable owing to its lengthy leaky border with Somalia, and its peacekeeping role in the war-torn country.
Nothing could be farther from truth. Kenya’s military contingent to the Amisom is far less than what Ethiopia, Uganda and Burundi each have deployed in the war-torn country.
Ethiopia has 1,640km of shared border with Somalia; Kenya has just 700km.
The problem is the nexus between corruption, impunity, and political patronage in Kenya’s counter-terror strategy. The country is “leaky” because political leaders and security agents have allowed themselves to be driven by selfish interests — not national values. The counter-terror strategy is “porous” because, in practice, it’s haphazard, knee jerk, ad hoc and reactionary.
It is haphazard because it is stereotyped against the Somali and Muslim, corruption drives it, reactionary because anti-terror authorities are corrupt and always relapse to slumber until jostled by a blast here and there, and unreasonable because it evades the role of community policing.
DISTORTED
Ideally, the public should be the key plank of any counter-terror strategy. Indeed, in Ethiopia, Uganda and Tanzania, community policing is the driving pillar against Al- Shabaab. Local people identify and report suspicious elements within their neighbourhoods. Not in Kenya where, as was evident in the Dusit 2 hotel raid last month, architects of evil easily operate within communities.
“The (counter-terror) strategy that Kenya uses to address terrorism (has) still not addressed preventive terrorism measures such as enhanced partnerships between government ,,, and domestic (non-state) actors to counter extremism and radicalisation,” Peter Gauitiku noted in his MA thesis at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Nairobi.
In the dusitD2 2 case, the neighbours of the plotters were suspicious of the strangers but did not alert security personnel.
Public participation apart, the legislative architecture of the counter-terror strategy is modelled on the infamous Security Laws (Amendments) Act 2014 whose approach is to serve multiple interests beyond just security: Make money; gain political mileage by emasculating media and Opposition; and deal with the terrorist.
As it were, the strategy is a distorted attempt to hit three birds with one stone.
Writing in the Daily Nation in April 2015, constitutional lawyer Maina Kiai said this anti-terror legal regime targets human rights and Opposition activists as supporters of terrorism. This, he said, “is the perfect example of misusing broad and opaque laws to settle scores, and to perpetuate impunity”.
The 2014 security laws — parts of which would later be outlawed by Judges Isaac Lenaola, Mumbi Ngugi, Hillary Chemitei, Hedwig Ong’udi and Joseph Onguto on the basis that they breached fundamental human rights — were chiefly a whimsical approach to security calls. They skirted around real solutions to security concerns. “Insecurity in Kenya is not due to absence of laws but inefficiency of public bodies mandated to secure Kenyans … Even the Attorney-General conceded during the hearing that there is corruption and lack of coordination among security agencies to curb terror threats,” the judges ruled.
SITTING DUCK
Economist David Ndii, writing in the Saturday Nation, described the brains behind the security laws as “lacking in imagination and failed by their own courage”. And Constitutional lawyer Bobby Mkangi said of the infamous Security Amendment (2014) Act, thus: “they don’t address the real problem, which is the systemic breakdown of the police, eroded by corruption”.
Corruption — and not terrorism per se — is the biggest threat to Kenya’s security. And this explains why Kenya is a sitting duck for terror.
Each and every year, Transparency International has produced what is called Corruption Perception Index which ranks countries "by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys." Traditionally the least corrupt country appears top, number 1, on the index while the most corrupt is last, number 180.
As it were, figures don’t lie. Of Somalia’s immediate neighbours, Kenya, at position 149 in 2018, is the most corrupt. Ethiopia appears at position 118 while Djibouti is at 107. It is thus now easy to see what the UN Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea, in a report to the Security Council last November, calls “the nexus between corruption and insecurity” in Kenya.
According to this report, Kenya police officers have allowed jihadists to shuttle “with little interference” between Kenya and Somalia “facilitated by bribes to various security forces officials on both sides”.
The UN report documents a plan by a local Al-Shabaab cell to stage a “massive” raid in Kenya last year. “On February 15, 2018, Kenyan police on a routine patrol in Merti Division, Isiolo County, arrested two Al-Shabaab operatives … travelling with a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device intended for a complex attack in Nairobi. Also captured by police were five Type 56-2 AK-pattern assault rifles, 36 magazines of ammunition and 36 grenades.”
The Type 56-2 AK-pattern assault rifle is the kind used in the Dusit attack.
Members of this cell twice purchased vehicles in Nairobi in record time, turned them into bomb carriers at a place called El Adde in Somalia, and returned with the killer devices into Kenya without a hitch.
BRIBES
The first vehicle, a 2010 Toyota Mark X, crossed into Somalia on December 31, 2017 through El Wak, was converted into VBIED, but developed mechanical problems before reaching its destination.
Al-Shabaab immediately dispatched the same Kenyan back home to procure another vehicle, a 2003 Mitsubishi Airtrek, in Nairobi. Days later, the vehicle crossed the border into Somalia returning the following month as a VBIED.
“The plot provides an apt illustration of the nexus between corruption and insecurity; police statements from the arrested Al-Shabaab operatives show that they were able to pass with little interference back and forth across the porous Kenya-Somalia border, facilitated by bribes to various security forces officials on both sides,” UN states in the report.
Yet, it’s not just the police. A key mobile telephone company declined to co-operate with UN investigations, perhaps out of fear that its operations would be linked to terror-financing.
But more perplexing is the plan by the government to put up a wall to shield Kenya from Somali jihadists. Was it meant to deter terrorists? There are doubts.
According to reports, the 700 kilometre wall was to comprise concrete barriers, fences, ditches and CCTV stations overlooking observation posts, from somewhere in Kiunga to Mandera in the north.
Security analysts estimated it to cost Sh200 million a kilometre — Sh140 billion on completion. However, by the time authorities suspended its construction last March, only eight kilometres of barbed wire, which can hardly stop a petty smuggler equipped with dykes, had been erected. It’s not clear the amount of money it had already guzzled by the time its construction stopped.
All told, Kenya’s counter-terror architecture has a huge gap: It’s detached from the requisite community involvement, which should be the key plank in the fight against terrorism. Intelligence and military approach should merely buttress.
RESPONSES
The envisaged approach to arm guards, whereas belated, should not form the cornerstone of Kenya’s anti-terror approach. The solution lies with communities, the people. It is in the villages, urban estates, and in the streets. The response to terrorism is in fighting corruption and entrenching community policing. Military and intelligence warfare should merely boost this line of approach.
The National Intelligence Service (NIS) is really trying to meet its mandate. But NIS should go beyond just playing the advisory role (what is called “national intelligence estimates) to carrying out operations within and without Kenya — the way renowned agencies such as KGB of Russia, Mossad of Israel, MI6 in United Kingdom, and America’s Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) do.
Kenya can have multiple Intelligence services to include one involved in covert overseas operations in support of the country’s security.
Isn’t it time Kenya established a ministry of Homeland Security charged with, among other functions, protecting citizens from terrorism, identifying and deporting immigrants, developing the country’s readiness for emergency (terrorism, floods, hunger and other tragedies), and developing cutting edge responses based on new technologies?

34 comments

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Elvis Roberts said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY/LEASE
AT THE BEST RATES AVAILABLE

We offer certified and verifiable bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.

FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%

FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
PRICE = 32%+2%
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M

Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded, loan financing by providing you with yearly. RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days

Name : Elvis roberts

Email : Inquiry.jmfinance@gmail.com

Skype : Inquiry.jmfinance@gmail.com

WHATSAPP NO : +1(909)375-0798

scott james said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY OR LEASE AT THE BEST AVAILABLE RATES
We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.
FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
PRICE = 32%+2%
Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded,
loan financing by providing you with yearly.
RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days
I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
Name : scott james
Email : inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com
Skype : inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com

TANG ADAM said...

Are you looking to Discount, Monetize, or create an immediate Non Recourse loan against a Leased or Purchased bank instrument such as BG,SBLC and Bank Drafts, We solely deal with real deals, real people and real Leased & Purchased Bank instruments that need real monetization. The Bank SWIFT Network is the Gold Standard that validates that your Leased & Purchased Bank instruments is real and it provides a respected industry platform where guaranteed settlement can be facilitated.

Our contracts also include the monetizer returning the Leased bank instrument to the Issuing bank 15 days prior to the bank instrument expiration.

Standby Letter of Credit Monetization LTV:

*Leased BG/SBLC Monetization - 65% Non Recourse
*Purchased BG/SBLC Monetization - 90% Non Recourse.

Estimated Completion Time:

*2-3 Days After Instrument Delivery on the SWIFT Networks.

We also have trusted and long term business partners/providers who can facilitate issuance & delivery of bank instruments such as BG,SBLC,LC,DLC and Bank Draft at Lease Price 4% + 2% and Purchase price at 32% + 2% where 2% is agent and brokers commission.

For further enquiries, we can be reached at the information below.

Email: inquiry.trustedfinance@gmail.com

Skype : inquiry.trustedfinance@gmail.com

Name: GARVAN MAIREAD

scott james said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY OR LEASE AT THE BEST AVAILABLE RATES
We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.
FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
PRICE = 32%+2%
Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded,
loan financing by providing you with yearly.
RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days
I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
Name : scott james
Email : inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com
Skype : inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com

Ashraf Billy said...

We are a Finance Industry Company professionals with over 25 Years Experience and focus on providing Bank Guarantee {BG}, Standby Letter of Credit {SBLC}, Medium Term Notes {MTN}, Confirmable Bank Draft {CBD} as well as other financial instruments issued from AAA Rated bank such as HSBC Bank Hong Kong, HSBC Bank London, Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt, Barclays Bank , Standard Chartered Bank , Credit Suisse e.t.c. at the lowest available rates depending on the face value of the instrument needed.

FEATURES:

Bank Guarantees & SBLC’s in Standard Formats from Major Banks!
Amounts from $1 million to 5 Billion+
Euro’s or US Dollars
Delivered via MT760 Swift with Full Bank Responsibility
MT799 and MT103 preadvice included
Brokers Always Protected

Purchase Instrument of BG/SBLC : 32%+2% Minimum Face Value = EUR/USD 1M
Lease Instrument of BG/SBLC : 4%+2% Minimum Face Value = EUR/USD 1M
Monetization @LTV 80%
Email:projectfundermandate@aol.com
Skype:goldencrow59

Unknown said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY OR LEASE AT THE BEST AVAILABLE RATES
We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.
FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
PRICE = 32%+2%
Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded,
loan financing by providing you with yearly.
RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days
I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
Name : Thomas Wolfgang
Email : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com
Skype : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com

Unknown said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY OR LEASE AT THE BEST AVAILABLE RATES
We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.
FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
PRICE = 32%+2%
Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded,
loan financing by providing you with yearly.
RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days
I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
Name : Thomas Wolfgang
Email : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com
Skype : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com

Cadman Brandon said...


Are you looking for funds for your projects? We are a private lending firm that specialized in project funding and general financial service thus we offer worldwide loans at affordable interest rates. we do offer all types of loans from Personal loans, debt consolidation loans, business loans, real estate loans, Energy, Oil and Gas, Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology, Emerging markets, Aviation, High-technology, communications, software, etc. Whereas our goal is to assist you with your immediate financial needs, as well as to develop a long term business relationship with you and your company. We are here to provide the best financial solution to help grow your business to its full potential. We pride ourselves in proven results by delivering a custom-tailored business solution to each of our clients. Feel free to contact us. Our rates are unbeatable and friendly, and our processes are very swift and time-sensitive! *We are open to all, if interested, kindly reply to us via email:  triumphantfinanceltd@gmail.com Terms and Conditions apply

sony cookoil said...

Cow/ Ox Gallstones available
Brand Name:Cow Gallstones
Packaging & Delivery
Packaging Detail: Plastic non breakable Egg size cartons with bubble PP
Delivery Detail: 5 days

Specifications
Cow /Ox Gallstones for sale for (wholestone / brokenstone ratio is 80% / 20% )
We are full time exporter of high quality natural ox gallstone.
Our product obtained from disease free cattle.
We can supply up to 10 Kg. monthly. Shipment prompt by air courier (DHL).
Price depends on ratio of wholestone / brokenstone.
wholestone / brokenstone ratio is 80% / 20%
wholestone / brokenstone ratio is 70%/30%
wholestone / brokenstone ratio is 60%/40%
Functions: To clear heat and release toxins.
To eliminate endogenous wind and stop convulsions.
to resolve phlegm and promote resuscitation.If you wish to try out what we
have,then we will be so much pleased to get your inquiry.

Contact us on our direct email or whatsapp number.
Email: (sonycookoil@gmail.com)
Whatsapp: +90 5528053346

Xiaoming Lynn said...

Before i started my journey of Investment, i promised myself i would never be scammed, and i put in many effort to make sure i made very deep research before i dived into any form of investment. so far i still havnt fell in the wrong hands and i dont think i ever will. That being said, i cant help but give credit to these guys who have always helped me invest my money in the right places. I made $13,570 with only a $500 investment just within the first 13 days. It was a very nice feeling, i started with them 7 months ago and i am still very happy about it and want to share it with anyone who really wants to make money sitting at home or just by their savings. i got really rescued by this opportunity, my life was almost down the drain when my police friend told me about them. you can reach out to them to simply consult before you start, it is completely free.
whatsapp: +1 (657) 262-4482
email: Jessleeventure@gmail.com
website: www.jessleeventure.wixsite.com/jessleevc

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